Civil engineering (by types of activity)

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Urban planning is a comprehensive urban area planning, design and development management activity aimed at creating a comfortable, functional and sustainable living environment. It includes:

Urban structure planning: development of Master Plans, Division of territories into zones (residential, industrial, public zones), transport infrastructure.
Architecture and design: designing buildings, public spaces, parks, considering aesthetics and functionality.
Infrastructure: providing cities with water supply, sewerage, energy, communications and transportation systems.
Ecology and sustainability: the introduction of green technologies, the reduction of carbon footprint, the creation of environmentally friendly zones.
Social aspect: population needs accounting, housing, jobs, education and availability of Health Services.
Economy: balancing the budget for construction and infrastructure services, attracting investments.
Modern trends include the" Smart Cities " concept, where IoT and Big Data (big data) are used to optimize management, as well as the "15 minute city" concept, in which all essential services are within walking or cycling reach.